About the empirical value of self-defined goals

“What it would mean if people were to set their own goals is demonstrated by a survey among graduates of Harvard Business School, where they were asked about their personal goals. The result: Only 16% had defined their own goals. Only 4% had also written down these goals. The combined annual gross income of this smallest group was as high as that of the 84% without a set goal.”

– Hoerhan, Gerald B., In Investment Punk: Why you slave and we get rich., p. 82.